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Pain in the lower abdomen with cystitis

Cystitis is an inflammatory process that affects the inner walls of the bladder.In the early stages, it mainly affects the mucosa, and in severe cases can spread to the organ muscle layer.

According to statistics, almost 35% of people (mostly women) at the age of 20-40 have faced this pathology, it accounts for up to 67% of all cases of urological diseases.

Important! The inflammation of the bladder is characteristic of both sexes, however, due to anatomical traits, it occurs 6-8 times more often.A wider, straight and short urethra provides easy access to various urogenital infections.With age, the change in the frequency of appearance in men and women is mitigated due to increased prostate cases in older men and secondary cystitis.

Diagnosis and treatment of pathology is engaged in a urologist.Women often should use the help of a gynecologist.

Cystitis: Forms and types of pathology

Depending on the presence of internal sources of inflammation, 2 types of cystitis are distinguished:

  • Primary - develops as independent inflammation of the walls of a previously healthy bladder;Most often found in women;
  • Secondary - arises as a result of other urea diseases or inflammation of the tissues and adjacent organs (for example, with prostatitis in men).

By the nature of the course of the disease, they distinguish:

  • acute form;
  • Chronic form - mixed painless and burning symptoms is characteristic.

In the area of coverage, the disease can be:

  • total, or general;
  • Focal - for example, a cervical shape with bladder neck damage;
  • With the lesion of the Lieto ureteral triangle (trigonite).

Exactly!The focus of inflammation can cover the entire urinary system - in such cases, cystitis is the first clinical manifestation of kidney stone or pyelonephritis.

Given the changes observed in the lesion area, distinguish:

  • Catarrhal - the classic acute inflammatory process with damage only mucous tissue;It is accompanied by severe hyperemia, swelling and release of serous exudate (serous form);In a neglected case, it can go into a purulent shape (with the release of purulent exudate);
  • Phlegmonous - a special type of purulent inflammation with purulent damage spilled on the submucosal layer;
  • granulomatous - accompanied by abundant redness in the mucous membranes of the organ;
  • Hemorrhagic - an inflammatory process, associated with the release of blood in the urine;
  • Interstitial - with the inclusion of deep muscle layers;
  • ulcerative - with the formation of characteristic ulcers of the mucous membrane of the inner walls;
  • Inclusion - for a long time non -healing ulcers are overloaded with salts;
  • cystic - with the formation of cysts in the submucosal organ;
  • Gangrenous - with fabric killing.

Given the reasons, all the variety of cases are divided into 2 large groups of infectious and non -infectious cystitis.

Infectious forms They develop under the influence of various urogenital and general infections.Distinguish:

  • Specific pathologies - pathogens (mainly bacteria) - chlamydia, gonococci, etc.;
  • Non-specific pathologies-the source of the disease are a variety of representatives of pathogenic flora provided

Exactly!In rare cases, cystitis can occur in response to kidney tuberculosis infection.The disease is associated with a pronounced clinical appearance.

Non -infectant cystitis - Develop as a result of non -biological damage to the mucous membranes of the organ.There are several types of pathological effects:

  • Radial impact - negative on the therapy tissue with radiation or radio exposure;
  • Allergic or autoimmune pathological reaction to allergens (mainly personal hygiene products) or antigens of its own tissue;
  • Traumatic - with chopped or cut wounds, with damage to urinary stone walls, catheters, foreign bodies; 
  • Parasites - under the influence of toxic parasites, in particular blood scistosomy (type of flat worms);The risk area mainly includes travelers in the Middle East and Central Asia;
  • thermal - burning, when washing with very hot solutions;
  • Toxic chemical-when exposed to aggressive substances: medicines, concentrated metabolites, poisonous substances, etc.;

How Cystitis occurs: Causes of Pathology

The vast majority of cystitis have an infectious nature.The causative agent in this case can be made as conditional pathogenic bacteria.coli, streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci and frequent representatives of urogenital-legal infection, trichomonas, etc.

However, microorganisms aggression is not the leading cause of the disease.For its successful effect, the body must be weakened by the influence of adverse external and internal factors.These include:

  • Chronic infections in other systems of the body - carious teeth damage, intestinal disease, various forms of acute respiratory infections, gynecological inflammation and STD;
  • Vitaminosis and hypovitaminosis against the backdrop of an unbalanced diet;
  • Regular physical, nervous, mental, as well as insomnia and lack of night sleep;
  • strong psycho -emotional stress;
  • general weakening of the immune system, including with prolonged use of immunosuppress;
  • Hypothermia of the body, the effect of sudden temperature changes - for women is sometimes enough to sit on a cold surface to begin the inflammatory process in the pelvic organs, including the bladder;
  • High sexual activity in the absence of a permanent partner (non -traditional sexual practices and unprotected sex are particularly dangerous);
  • Stagnant phenomena in the work of the pelvic organs and a lifestyle in general, frequent constipation, incomplete emptying due to the strictness of the urethra or bladder tumors, as well as a banal habit of "patience to the last"; 
  • Poor or improper body hygiene - in 90% of cases, the pathogen of cystitis is E. coli, which enters the bladder from the rectum;
  • coated synthetic linen, especially narrow, squeezing the pelvic organs;
  • abnormal development of the urinary organs;
  • damage and surgical intervention in the pelvic organs;
  • Acute and fatty foods.

Separately, the cause of the disease should be mentioned endocrine disorders (diabetes mellitus, taking hormone medicines) and general fluctuations in the hormonal background.The last reason is particularly characteristic of the female body, when cystitis exacerbations accompany periods of menstruation, pregnancy or menopause.

Symptoms of the disease

The first symptoms of cystitis are an increase in urination and disturbance in the lower abdomen.Otherwise, it all depends on the form of the disease and its cause. 

General list of possible features:

  • frequent, sometimes false urination;
  • Urine has a muddy color, blood impurities (hematuria) and pus are possible;
  • pain in the lower abdomen (may be given to the lower back);
  • carving and burning in the urination process;
  • constant sensation of bladder fullness;
  • Urine gains an unpleasant odor;
  • daily or night enuresis;
  • Improving body temperature and overall weakness.

In rare cases of acute form, chills, vomiting, vomiting are possible.

Important! This disease is not characterized by a temperature above 37.5 degrees.If there is an excess of this indicator, it is necessary to examine the entire urinary system - perhaps the inflammatory process has reached the kidneys.

In women, pathology often continues in acute form and is accompanied by a classic set of symptoms.

Men are characterized by a chronic course of the disease with greasy symptoms, which is often associated with signs of associated diseases of the sexual sphere (for example, balanoposthite or urethritis).

Troubleshooting

A clear symptom of the disease allows you to make the main diagnosis after talking to the patient and palpation.Additional methods of instrumental and laboratory examination make it possible to determine the type and form of the disease, identify the pathogen (with infectious lesions) and describe the most effective therapeutic complex.

Instrumental diagnostics:

  • Echoscopy (ultrasound) - determines the degree of inflammatory process, enables the simultaneous assessment of the condition of urinary and sexual systems;
  • Endoscopy (cystoscopy) - examination of the bladder cavity using the optic system of the cystoscope allows you to evaluate the state of internal integration, identify potential pathology and neoplasms;performed only after the disappearance of acute phenomena;
  • Cystography is an X -Rry examination using an x -rry contract.

Laboratory research:

  • General urine analysis - check the pH level, leukocyte concentration, red blood cells, protein salts and uric acids;
  • study of urine sediment for more accurate results;
  • Baksev - to identify an infectious pathogen;
  • Tissue biopsy, followed by histological examination;
  • The most effective PCR Diagnostics as possible when identifying sexual infections.

In some cases, the doctor may prescribe an analysis of blood biochemistry - allows you to track the features of body function with changes in the concentration of major electrolytes (potassium, sodium, calcium), as well as evaluate the activity of enzyme systems.

For women, it is important to perform a gynecological examination for the presence of "female" inflammation, which often cause the cause or consequence of cystitis.

Attention! Often, inflammation of the urea is a symptom of a more serious illness, therefore, differential diagnosis for tuberculosis, prostatitis (in men), cancer tumors, etc. is required.

How is the treatment going?

The acute form of cystitis easily and quickly goes into chronic, so it is very important to respond to the first signs of the disease in time and correctly.

Attention! Often, after the acute manifestation of the first symptoms, inflammation independently comes for nothing.This is not to say that the patient is recovered - the disease can go "underground" and a more complete body diagnosis is required to identify the hidden pathological process.

Treatment, as a rule, complex, using conservative methods.With a competent approach, the result is favorable.Surgical intervention is required only in the most advanced cases.

Key List of Appointments:

  • medication therapy;
  • Savings regime;
  • abundant drinks;
  • Compliance with diet.

In chronic forms to restore bladder functionality, a complex of physiotherapy is assigned.

Treatment:

  • Antibiotics - in chronic forms, make an individual selection of drugs based on the results of Baksosev;
  • Diuretics - diuretics increase the flow of urine, washing pathogenic flora and reducing the concentration of irritating substances;
  • antispasmodics;
  • Vitamin preparations.

To prevent the pathogenic effect of a large number of chemicals, grades are actively used with cystitis, mainly anti -inflammatory and diuretic: stubborn, lingonberry, renal tea (orthosiphon), wort, spraying, chamomile, bumper.A good effect is given by pharmacy medicines based on herbal materials.

Attention! Drinking abundant with cystitis is necessarily!The minimum volume of clean water is 2 liters.Recommended-2.5-3 liters.

Dietary characteristics:

  • Exclude all marinades, sharp spices, pickles, sweets, smoked and fried foods, as well as alcohol, tea, coffee, sweet soda;Salt from the diet should be eliminated to the maximum (!);
  • Reducing the amount of meat, fish, birds, especially fatty varieties; 
  • Dairy products are consumed in small quantities -low retail, yogurt, milk, low and unsolved cheese;
  • increases consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits (great preference to watermelon, squash);
  • To prevent constipation in the diet, the contents of bran, cereals and vegetable oils must be increased.

Cystitis features in pregnant women

Changing the hormonal background during pregnancy creates the prerequisites to suppress the work of the immune system, which increases the risks of developing various inflammatory processes.The slightest hypothermia, a small violation of hygiene rules and even the usual climate change (the body considers it as stress) can provoke inflammation of the bladder.

When you keep a baby, especially in the late stages of pregnancy, pressure on the bladder due to uterine growth increases.On the one hand, this provokes stagnant phenomena in the pelvic area and contributes to the development of the cystitis, on the other hand, exacerbates the manifestation of its symptoms, in particular:

  • The frequency of urination increases;
  • The feeling of pressure in the bladder becomes constant and does not stop even after its emptying.

Treatment during pregnancy is difficult due to stopping the use of most antibacterial agents-may adversely affect the full development of the fetus.As an alternative, the introduction method is used - the presentation of saving antibacterial agents of local action directly in the bladder cavity.The procedure is performed in the hospital under the control of medical staff.

Attention! Cystitis during pregnancy is dangerous for its complications.The high load on the kidneys during the gestation period requires constant monitoring of the state of the urinary system and hospitalization in an emergency in the event of inflammation in its upper departments.

How to warn the disease?

To prevent inflammatory processes in the urinary system, it is sufficient to adhere to the following rules:

  • Avoid lower body hypothermia - do not sit on the cold surface, keep your feet warm.
  • Exclude sharp and salty products from the diet.
  • Timely treat sexual infections as well as other focuses of inflammatory processes (including caries).
  • Reject synthetic materials, especially in the composition of the underwear.Avoid a narrow and tight area of the clothing pelvis.
  • In the presence of sitting work, take regular 10-15-minute vacation with a heat.
  • Carefully observe the rules of personal hygiene (especially for women) - when washing and deleting after defecation, all movements should be directed in the back direction.The lower interior should be changed daily.During menstruation, it is necessary to change gaskets and tampons as often as possible.
  • Try to urinate in time - in the "call of nature" first, do not tolerate - this provokes urine stagnation and extends the bladder walls.Natural-urinated rate 5-6 times during the day.

With frequent repeated cystitis for prevention purposes, you should drink a glass of cranberry juice a day - its pronounced antibacterial properties will prevent the disease or significantly reduce the frequency of its manifestations.